Congenital Heart Defect (CHD) Awareness Week, observed annually from February 7-14, raises awareness of the most common birth defect affecting infants worldwide. CHDs occur when the heart or its blood vessels do not form correctly before birth, impacting heart function. At Dr. Farhad Aduli’s Louisiana Heart & Vascular Institute Vein Care Centers in Covington, LA, we recognize that knowledge is power and saves lives. Here are some important facts you need to know about the importance of early diagnosis, advanced treatments, and ongoing heart care for individuals with CHDs.
What Are Congenital Heart Defects?
CHDs are structural abnormalities in the heart present at birth. They range from mild to severe and can affect heart valves, walls, or blood vessels. Some defects may not require treatment, while others need medication, surgery, or lifelong management.
Common Types of CHDs
- Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) – A hole in the wall between the heart’s upper chambers.
- Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) – A hole in the lower chambers of the heart.
- Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) – A combination of four heart defects affecting blood flow.
- Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA) – The two main arteries leaving the heart are switched.
- Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) – An open blood vessel that should close after birth remains open.
Signs and Symptoms of CHDs
Some CHDs are detected at birth, while others may not be diagnosed until later in life. Symptoms vary depending on the severity of the defect and may include:
- Rapid breathing or shortness of breath
- Fatigue, especially during feeding or exercise
- Poor circulation (blue-tinged skin or lips)
- Heart murmurs
- Swelling in the legs, abdomen, or around the eyes
How Are CHDs Diagnosed and Treated?
Advancements in medical technology have improved early detection and treatment options, including:
- Prenatal screening – Ultrasounds and fetal echocardiograms detect heart defects before birth.
- Echocardiograms – Imaging tests that provide a detailed look at heart structure and function.
- Medications – Used to regulate heart function and improve symptoms.
- Catheter-based procedures – Minimally invasive treatments to repair some defects.
- Surgery – Some CHDs require corrective or palliative heart surgery.
- Lifelong monitoring – Many individuals with CHDs need ongoing care to prevent complications.
Living with a Congenital Heart Defect
Thanks to advancements in cardiovascular medicine, people with CHDs are living longer and healthier lives. Regular check-ups, heart-healthy lifestyle choices, and early intervention are crucial for maintaining heart health.
If you or a loved one have concerns about heart health, contact your cardiologist immediately.